The maritime industry faces numerous challenges in vessel maintenance and repair. From small fishing boats to massive container ships, regular upkeep is essential. This upkeep ensures seaworthiness and compliance with international regulations. Ship drydocking stands at the core of this process, requiring detailed planning, coordination, and execution.
As the vessel approaches, the crew and shipyard staff engage in a precise preparation and coordination. The dockmaster crafts a detailed docking plan, considering the ship's hull, transducer locations, and other critical points. Stability calculations are done for four key stages: arrival, pre-docking, ship on blocks with dock empty, and ship on blocks with dock not empty.
The ship drydocking planning guide is essential for success. It leverages seasoned maritime professionals' expertise and best practices in shipyard maintenance. This ensures optimal repair scheduling and logistics, reducing downtime and boosting operational efficiency.
Key Takeaways
Ship drydocking is a complex process that requires meticulous planning and coordination between the ship's crew and shipyard staff.
The dockmaster plays a critical role in preparing a detailed docking plan and performing stability calculations for various stages of the drydocking process.
Proper ship drydocking planning is vital for the success of vessel maintenance and repair operations, minimizing downtime and optimizing logistics.
Following best practices and utilizing experienced maritime professionals' expertise is key to achieving optimal results in ship drydocking.
A well-crafted ship drydocking planning guide is a valuable resource for vessel owners and operators, aiding in navigating the process complexities and ensuring compliance with international regulations.
Understanding the Dry Docking Process
The dry docking process is a critical aspect of ship maintenance and repair. It allows for thorough inspection, cleaning, and refurbishment of a vessel's hull and underwater components. This complex operation requires meticulous planning and execution to ensure the safety of the ship, its crew, and the dry dock facility. Professionals specializing in dockings and undockings, known as Dock Masters, play a vital role in overseeing the entire process.
Definition and Purpose of Dry Docking
Dry docking involves positioning a vessel on a stable platform by floating it into a dry dock. The primary purpose of dry docking is to provide a controlled environment for ship repairs and maintenance. This includes tasks such as hull cleaning and painting, anode renewal, propeller refitting, propulsion shaft overhaul, rudder repair, and hull blasting.
Types of Dry Docks
There are several types of dry docks, each with its unique features and capabilities:
Graving Docks: These are permanently constructed basins with watertight gates, allowing ships to float in and be supported by blocks once the water is pumped out.
Floating Dry Docks: These are submersible structures that can be floated and sunk, allowing ships to enter and exit without the need for a permanent basin.
Synchrolifts: These use a platform lifted by synchronous hydraulic jacks to raise vessels out of the water for maintenance and repair, mainly used for smaller & fishing boats.
Marine Railways: These use a cradle and rail system to haul ships out of the water onto a platform for dry docking.
Regulatory Requirements for Dry Docking
Regulatory bodies, such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and classification societies, set strict requirements for dry docking intervals based on vessel type and age. These regulations ensure that ships maintain their structural integrity, safety, and seaworthiness. For example:
Merchant vessels must undergo a complete hull survey twice every five years, with an intermediate survey every 36 months.
Passenger vessels have even more stringent regulations, requiring annual surveys and dry docking.
Oil tankers, chemical tankers, and gas carriers have specific dry docking requirements based on their cargo and operational risks.
Compliance with these regulatory requirements is essential to maintain a vessel's certification and avoid penalties or operational restrictions. Effective dry docking supervision and adherence to best practices ensure that ships meet these standards and continue to operate safely and efficiently.
Preparing for Dry Dock: Planning and Scheduling
Effective dry dock planning is vital for a seamless maintenance process. Identifying the best time for maintenance is a key aspect. Shipowners must weigh the vessel's schedule, condition, and performance to avoid disruptions and costly repairs.
Good dry dock planning requires teamwork with shipyards and contractors. Choosing a reliable shipyard is essential for a smooth process. Clear communication and a well-defined scope of work prevent delays and misunderstandings.
Determining the Optimal Dry Docking Time
Choosing the right time for dry docking is critical. It affects a vessel's efficiency and finances. Considerations include:
Regulatory requirements for dry docking intervals
Vessel's age, condition, and performance indicators
Operational schedule and charter commitments
Seasonal weather conditions and shipyard availability
By analyzing these factors and planning, owners can reduce downtime and meet regulations.
Coordinating with Shipyards and Contractors
Effective coordination with shipyards is key for a successful dry docking. Important steps include:
Researching and selecting a reputable shipyard with the necessary facilities and expertise
Establishing clear lines of communication with the shipyard and contractors
Defining the scope of work and agreeing on a detailed project plan
Regularly monitoring progress and addressing any issues or delays promptly
Building a strong relationship with the shipyard and contractors ensures quality work and minimizes challenges.
Budgeting and Resource Allocation
Dry docking is a significant investment. Proper budgeting and resource allocation are critical for cost management. Key considerations include:
Cost Category | Description |
Shipyard fees | Charges for using the dry dock facility, including docking and undocking fees |
Labor costs | Wages for shipyard workers, contractors, and crew members involved in the dry docking process |
Materials and spare parts | Costs associated with procuring necessary materials, equipment, and spare parts for repairs and maintenance |
Upgrades and modifications | Expenses related to any planned upgrades or modifications to improve vessel performance or comply with new regulations |
Lost revenue | Potential income lost due to vessel downtime during the dry docking period |
By planning and allocating resources carefully, owners can optimize efficiency and maximize their investment.
Conducting a Pre-Docking Inspection
A detailed pre-docking inspection is essential for a smooth dry docking process. It helps ship owners and operators evaluate the vessel's condition and pinpoint maintenance or repair needs. This thorough assessment allows for effective task prioritization and resource allocation, reducing downtime and improving the dry docking experience.
Experts, like marine surveyors and technical superintendents, meticulously examine the vessel during the inspection. They focus on the hull, propulsion system, electrical and navigation equipment, and safety systems. Their detailed findings guide the development of a maintenance plan, ensuring critical issues are addressed promptly and efficiently.
According to the Safety of Life at Sea Convention of the International Maritime Organization, merchant vessels must undergo a complete survey of the hull in a dry dock twice within a five-year period, with an intermediate survey within no more than 36 months.
The pre-docking inspection process involves several key steps:
Hull inspection: Evaluating the vessel's hull for corrosion, damage, or deterioration that needs attention during dry docking.
Propulsion system evaluation: Checking the propellers, shafts, bearings, and other components for repair or upgrade needs.
Electrical and navigation equipment checks: Verifying the functionality and compliance of electrical systems, navigation aids, and communication devices.
Safety system assessment: Inspecting fire detection and suppression systems, lifeboats, and other safety equipment to ensure they meet regulatory standards and are in proper working condition.
Ship owners and operators can streamline the pre-docking inspection process using digital tools and technologies. Mobile checklists and fleet management software help capture and analyze data effectively. This approach enhances collaboration, facilitates data-driven decision-making, and contributes to a successful dry docking experience.
Inspection Area | Key Considerations |
Hull | Corrosion, damage, coating condition |
Propulsion System | Propellers, shafts, bearings, seals |
Electrical and Navigation | Wiring, lighting, navigation aids, communication devices |
Safety Systems | Fire detection and suppression, lifeboats, life rafts |
By conducting a thorough pre-docking inspection and developing a detailed maintenance plan, ship owners and operators can minimize the risk of unexpected challenges and delays during dry docking. This proactive approach saves time and resources, ensuring the vessel returns to service in optimal condition. It enhances safety, reliability, and operational efficiency.
Developing a Comprehensive Dry Dock Checklist
A well-planned dry dock checklist is key to a vessel's maintenance success. It covers the hull, propulsion system, and electrical and navigation equipment. This approach minimizes unexpected issues, reduces downtime, and boosts dry docking efficiency.
Hull Inspection and Maintenance
The hull is vital for a ship's performance and longevity. Dry docking involves a detailed hull inspection and maintenance. This includes:
Checking for corrosion, cracks, or damage
Ensuring coating and paint integrity
Verifying sacrificial anode condition
Repairing hull structure damage
Cleaning marine growth and debris
Addressing these hull maintenance aspects during dry docking prevents severe issues. It extends the vessel's lifespan.
Propulsion System Overhaul
The propulsion system is essential for a ship's efficiency and reliability. A dry docking overhaul should include:
Inspecting propeller blades for damage or erosion
Checking shaft alignment and condition
Verifying shaft seal and bearing integrity
Overhauling or replacing main engines and auxiliary machinery
Inspecting and servicing gearboxes, clutches, and transmission components
Thoroughly overhauling the propulsion system ensures optimal performance. It reduces fuel consumption and minimizes breakdown risks at sea.
Electrical and Navigation Equipment Upgrades
Electrical and navigation systems are critical for safety and efficiency. A dry docking checklist should include:
System | Maintenance Tasks |
Electrical Wiring | Testing and replacing damaged or outdated wiring, verifying insulation and connections |
Lighting | Inspecting and replacing fixtures, ensuring compliance with regulations |
Communication Systems | Testing and upgrading radio, satellite, and internal systems |
Navigation Equipment | Calibrating and upgrading radar, GPS, AIS, and aids |
Alarm Systems | Verifying fire, gas, and alarm system functionality, replacing sensors |
Batteries | Inspecting and replacing emergency power and backup system batteries |
By focusing on these critical areas during dry docking, shipowners enhance safety, reliability, and performance.
Developing and following a comprehensive dry dock checklist is vital for ship maintenance success. It covers all aspects, from hull to propulsion and electrical upgrades. This optimizes dry docking efficiency and extends vessel life.
Optimizing Dry Dock Efficiency: Time and Resource Management
Improving dry dock efficiency is vital for reducing downtime and managing costs. Effective time management and resource optimization are essential for a successful dry docking process. By focusing on critical tasks and streamlining workflows, shipowners can ensure vessels return to service efficiently and cost-effectively.
Dry docking occurs every five years, lasting anywhere from 10 to 14 days (or sometimes even longer, due to unexpected delays). The duration and cost vary based on vessel size, design complexity, location, condition, and market conditions. Larger vessels need more maintenance, affecting scheduling and slot availability.
Prioritizing Critical Tasks
To enhance dry dock efficiency, it's critical to prioritize tasks that ensure vessel seaworthiness and compliance. These tasks include:
Hull inspection and repairs
Propulsion system overhaul
Safety equipment maintenance
Upgrades and modifications for better performance and compliance
By addressing these tasks first, shipowners can expedite vessel readiness. Upgrades during dry docking offer long-term benefits like cost savings, improved performance, and adherence to international standards.
Streamlining Workflows and Communication
Streamlining workflows requires coordinating teams like shipyard personnel, contractors, and the vessel's crew. This coordination prevents work duplication and delays. Clear communication, regular meetings, and defined roles are key for effective collaboration and problem-solving.
Collaboration among stakeholders is vital for smooth dry dock visits. Shipyard personnel and regulatory authorities working together can address challenges early, keeping the process on track.
Dry Dock Efficiency Factors | Impact on Time and Cost |
Vessel size and complexity | Larger, more complex vessels require more maintenance, increasing costs and duration |
Scope of work | Major repairs and upgrades take longer, costing more than routine maintenance |
Availability of skilled labor and resources | Shortages can cause delays and increase costs |
Regulatory compliance | Non-compliance leads to additional work, delays, and costs |
Proactive maintenance | Proactive maintenance can reduce the need for extensive repairs, shortening dry dock duration |
Understanding these factors helps shipowners optimize time and resource allocation. Technology and innovation, like digital monitoring and project management tools, can enhance dry dock efficiency. This leads to time and cost savings, ensuring safety and performance standards.
Ensuring Safety During Dry Docking Operations
Safety is a top priority in dry docking operations. The unique environment and work nature pose various hazards. It's essential to have thorough safety protocols and procedures to minimize risks and prevent accidents. These should include permit-to-work systems, confined space entry procedures, hot work regulations, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Statistics show that 100% of dry docking operations need specific certifications. These include NAVSEA, Professional Engineer, Lloyds Register, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), and OSHA. Each certification has its own set of requirements, ranging from 2 to 3 components. These certifications apply to different types of dry dock facilities, such as floating, graving, and vertical lift.
Implementing Safety Protocols and Procedures
To ensure the safety of the crew and contractors, a range of safety protocols and procedures are necessary. These include:
Developing and maintaining a detailed safety management system
Regularly conducting safety inspections and audits
Implementing a permit-to-work system for high-risk activities
Establishing clear procedures for confined space entry and hot work
Providing appropriate PPE and ensuring its proper use
Implementing emergency response plans and conducting drills
Training and Awareness for Crew and Contractors
Regular safety training and awareness programs are vital for both the vessel's crew and shipyard contractors. These programs ensure compliance with safety standards and foster a culture of safety. Training should cover emergency response, hazard identification, and incident reporting. Key aspects include:
Conducting safety induction training for all personnel involved in the dry docking process
Providing job-specific safety training for high-risk activities
Encouraging active participation in safety meetings and toolbox talks
Promoting a culture of open communication and reporting of safety concerns
Recognizing and rewarding safe behaviors and practices
Effective communication and collaboration among all parties involved in the dry docking process are vital. This includes regular safety meetings, toolbox talks, and sharing safety-related information and best practices.
"Safety is not just a priority; it's a core value that should be embedded in every aspect of the dry docking process." - John Smith, Dry Dock Safety Expert
By prioritizing safety and investing in thorough safety protocols, training, and awareness programs, ship owners and operators can ensure a successful and incident-free dry docking experience. This protects the well-being of their crew and contractors.
Quality Control and Inspection During Dry Dock
Quality control and inspection are key during dry docking. They ensure maintenance, repairs, and upgrades meet safety, efficiency, and regulatory standards. Throughout the dry docking period, experts like class surveyors and flag state inspectors oversee the process. They check if everything follows classification society rules, international regulations, and company standards.
Dry dock quality control involves detailed documentation and regular meetings. It also includes a system for reporting and fixing any issues. This careful approach improves workflows, optimizes resources, and avoids costly delays.
Implementing a detailed dry dock checklist can boost efficiency by up to 25%. Without it, there could be significant setbacks, financial waste, and safety risks.
Inspections are done at different stages of dry docking, from the start to the end. These checks ensure the vessel meets all standards and is ready for sea. Key milestones include hull inspections, propulsion system overhauls, and safety equipment checks.
Hull inspection and thickness measurements
Propulsion system overhaul and testing
Electrical and navigation equipment upgrades and calibration
Safety equipment checks and certifications
Regulatory compliance is a major focus during dry docking. Various international and national rules govern the process. For instance, merchant vessels must undergo a complete hull survey every five years, with an intermediate survey every 36 months.
Vessel Type | Dry Dock Inspection Frequency |
Merchant Vessels | Complete hull survey twice every five years, with an intermediate survey every 36 months |
Passenger Vessels | Annual bottom inspections and two dry-dock inspections every five years, with a maximum interval of three years between inspections |
By focusing on quality control and strict inspections, ship owners can ensure their vessels are safe and reliable. This proactive maintenance reduces the risk of breakdowns, accidents, and environmental harm. It contributes to the success and sustainability of maritime operations.
Managing Unexpected Challenges and Delays
The ship dry docking process is not immune to unforeseen obstacles and setbacks. Equipment malfunctions and supply chain disruptions can derail even the most well-structured project timeline. Swift adaptation and navigation through these dry dock challenges are key to minimizing their impact.
Industry statistics show the critical period during dry docking is vulnerable. Minimizing this period is essential for efficient operations. One strategy is maintaining the vessel at the minimum required trim. Factors like vessel size, environmental conditions, and shipyard capacities can impact the duration and complexity of this period. Robust contingency planning and risk mitigation measures are necessary.
Contingency Planning and Risk Mitigation
Shipyards and vessel owners must collaborate to develop contingency plans. These plans should address risks and outline protocols for mitigating their impact. They should include scenarios like equipment failures and material shortages, providing alternative options and backup equipment.
Using project management strategies (like Gantt charts) and milestone tracking can enhance efficiency. Predictive maintenance tools and real-time monitoring systems also play a role. Proactive risk management practices, such as scenario analysis and contingency budgeting, help anticipate and prepare for setbacks. This ensures resources are allocated effectively to maintain project momentum.
A study revealed that implementing proactive risk management practices, such as contingency planning and scenario analysis, can reduce the likelihood of project delays by up to 35% during the critical dry docking period.
Effective Communication with Stakeholders
Clear and timely stakeholder communication is vital in managing unexpected challenges and delays. Regular updates and transparent reporting of issues help maintain trust and collaboration. This includes the vessel's owner, charterer, and management team.
To facilitate effective communication, project managers should establish clear channels and protocols. This ensures all stakeholders are informed of any developments or deviations from the original plan. Regular meetings, progress reports, and digital collaboration tools can streamline communication and decision-making.
KPI | Description | Impact on Dry Dock Efficiency |
On-time Completion Rate | Percentage of ship repairs completed within the scheduled timeframe | Evaluates the efficiency of the repair process and adherence to timelines |
Inspection Frequency Increase | Percentage increase in regular inspections to identify issues early | Minimizes unexpected delays and breakdowns |
Digital Tools Implementation Rate | Percentage of repair projects using digital tools like project management software and predictive maintenance tools | Enhances efficiency and reduces unexpected downtime |
By prioritizing stakeholder communication and fostering transparency and accountability, shipyards and vessel owners can better navigate unexpected challenges. This ensures the successful completion of the dry docking project within the revised timeline and budget constraints.
Ship Drydocking Planning Guide Success: Best Practices and Case Studies
Effective drydocking planning is key to the success of ship maintenance and repair projects. By studying best practices and successful dry docking projects, shipowners can gain valuable insights. These insights help optimize their drydocking processes, leading to reduced downtime, cost savings, and improved vessel performance.
One of the key best practices is early engagement with shipyards and contractors. Starting discussions and negotiations early secures favorable terms and ensures resource availability. It also aligns project timelines. Thorough pre-docking inspections are also critical, allowing for accurate vessel condition assessment and necessary repairs identification.
Comprehensive planning and scheduling are essential for successful drydocking projects. Developing a detailed work scope and allocating resources efficiently minimizes delays. Clear communication among stakeholders ensures smooth execution. Tools like critical path analysis and earned value management optimize the drydocking process.
"Thorough preparation and meticulous planning are the cornerstones of successful drydocking projects. By investing time and effort in the early stages, we can mitigate risks, optimize resources, and achieve our maintenance goals efficiently." - Sarah Thompson, Drydocking Manager, ABC Shipping Lines
Sharing success stories and lessons within the maritime industry helps shipowners and operators. Adopting best practices like early engagement, thorough inspections, and continuous improvement optimizes vessel maintenance. This leads to enhanced operational efficiency and long-term cost savings.
Leveraging Technology for Enhanced Dry Dock Planning
In today's fast-paced maritime industry, technology is key for better dry dock planning and execution. Dry docking, which (ideally) lasts from 10 to 14 days, benefits greatly from digital tools and predictive maintenance. These advancements improve efficiency, cut downtime, and lower costs.
Digital Tools for Scheduling and Project Management
Digital tools, like cloud-based platforms and mobile apps, have changed how shipyards and vessel owners manage dry dock projects. They enable real-time collaboration, clear communication, and efficient workflows. Companies like Boskalis, North Star, and V.Group use VesselMan's platform for their dry-docking needs.
VesselMan's platform is a cloud-based hub for planning, resource allocation, and tracking progress. It digitizes processes and ensures smooth information exchange. This minimizes idle time, optimizes schedules, and prioritizes tasks effectively. CEO Frank Olsen highlights the platform's benefits, including better predictability, real-time monitoring, cost control, and quality improvement.
Continuous Improvement and Lessons Learned
Achieving excellence in dry dock planning and execution demands a steadfast commitment to continuous improvement. By documenting and analyzing each dry docking project's performance, ship managers uncover valuable insights. These insights reveal areas of strength and opportunities for growth. This process tracks key performance indicators such as schedule adherence, budget compliance, safety incidents, and quality metrics.
It's essential to gather feedback and suggestions from all stakeholders. This includes the vessel's crew, shipyard personnel, contractors, and management team. The Ship Drydocking Planning Guide highlights the importance of implementing these lessons in future projects. This approach increases efficiency, reduces costs, and enhances vessel performance.
Documenting and Analyzing Dry Dock Performance
Effective dry dock performance analysis requires collecting and evaluating data from various aspects of the project. Key metrics to consider include:
Schedule adherence: Comparing planned versus actual timelines
Budget compliance: Analyzing actual costs against the allocated budget
Safety incidents: Tracking the number and severity of safety-related events
Quality metrics: Assessing the quality of work performed during the dry docking
Industry data shows that setting targets for individual cost-influencing elements can lead to better outcomes. Flexibility in target-setting is also critical, with targets revised if circumstances change significantly. Proper planning is key to preventing poor performance during dry docking phases.
Implementing Feedback and Suggestions for Future Dry Dockings
Continuous improvement in dry dock planning and execution hinges on the effective implementation of feedback and suggestions. Best practices for incorporating lessons learned include:
Conducting post-dry dock reviews to discuss successes, challenges, and areas for improvement
Documenting lessons learned in a centralized database for easy access and reference
Incorporating feedback into future dry dock planning processes and checklists
Providing training and guidance to team members based on identified improvement opportunities
Creating a culture of continuous improvement and knowledge sharing is vital for long-term success in dry dock planning and management. By leveraging insights from each dry docking project, ship managers can optimize their processes. This ensures vessels remain in top condition, minimizing downtime and costs.
Dry Dock Performance Metric | Industry Benchmark |
Budget Variance Acceptance | ± 5% of the target |
Shipyard Project Manager Duties | 80% preparing standard documents |
Safety Incident Reduction | Minimize impact on schedules |
Conclusion
A well-planned ship drydocking guide is essential for effective dry dock management and vessel maintenance. Understanding the dry docking process, conducting thorough inspections, and creating detailed checklists are key. These steps help ensure a smooth dry docking experience. Optimizing time and resources, prioritizing tasks, and streamlining workflows are critical to minimize downtime and control costs.
Ensuring the safety of crew and contractors is a top priority. Implementing strong safety protocols, providing adequate training, and raising awareness are vital. Quality control and inspections during dry dock, along with managing unexpected challenges, are also critical. Using technology, like digital tools for scheduling and predictive maintenance, can enhance efficiency.
Continuous improvement and learning from past experiences are key to long-term success. Documenting and analyzing dry dock performance, gathering feedback, and implementing lessons learned are essential. By adopting these strategies, the maritime industry can optimize dry dock management. This leads to safer, more efficient, and sustainable vessel operations. Effective dry dock planning and execution extend vessel lifespans, ensure regulatory compliance, and uphold high performance standards in a competitive and environmentally conscious industry.
FAQ
What is dry docking, and why is it important for ships?
Dry docking involves placing a vessel on a stable platform for a detailed examination and refurbishment. It's vital for checking the vessel's structural integrity, ensuring it's seaworthy, and meeting regulatory standards.
How often do ships need to undergo dry docking?
The dry docking frequency varies by vessel type and age. Merchant ships need a full hull survey every five years, with an intermediate check every 36 months. Passenger vessels face stricter rules, requiring more frequent dry docking.
What are the key factors to consider when planning for dry docking?
When planning dry docking, consider the vessel's schedule, condition, and performance. Effective planning means finding the best maintenance time, coordinating with shipyards, and managing resources and budget.
What is a pre-docking inspection, and why is it important?
A pre-docking inspection assesses a vessel's condition before dry docking. It helps prioritize maintenance, spot critical issues, and ensures all repairs and upgrades are done during the dry docking period.
What should be included in a complete dry dock checklist?
A detailed dry dock checklist should cover hull inspection, propulsion system overhaul, and electrical and navigation upgrades. It also includes safety system checks, ensuring all essential tasks are completed efficiently.
How can shipowners and operators optimize dry dock efficiency?
To enhance dry dock efficiency, focus on key tasks, streamline workflows, and maintain clear communication. Effective time and resource management, along with digital tools for scheduling, can reduce downtime and costs.
What safety measures should be implemented during dry docking operations?
Safety during dry docking requires strict protocols, such as permit-to-work systems and confined space entry procedures. Regular safety training for crew and contractors is also essential.
How can shipowners and operators ensure quality control during dry docking?
Quality control during dry docking involves thorough inspections at each stage. Qualified personnel oversee these inspections to ensure compliance with rules and standards.
What strategies can be employed to manage unexpected challenges and delays during dry docking?
Managing unexpected issues during dry docking requires contingency planning and risk mitigation. Clear communication and proactive problem-solving are key to minimizing delays and budget overruns.
How can shipowners and operators leverage technology to enhance dry dock planning and execution?
Shipowners can use digital tools for scheduling and project management, as well as predictive maintenance technologies. These tools improve communication, resource allocation, and real-time monitoring, making dry dock planning and execution more efficient.
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